Students' perception to an interactive web-based response system in oral and maxillofacial pathology teaching

Abstract This study evaluated dental students' perceptions and adherence to an interactive web-based response system in the teaching of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. Between 2018 and 2019, students from a single Brazilian dental school used the Poll Everywhere® app to answer questions on subjects taught during an Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology course. At the end of the academic semester, the students completed a questionnaire containing 10 questions regarding the app's use. The study included 123 students. Regarding the devices used to answer the questions on the app, 117 (95.1%) students used a smartphone and 3 (2.4%) used a laptop. Almost all students (121; 98.4%) agreed that this interactive web-based response system provided the teacher with a better overview of students' understanding and improved their self-assessment of the acquired knowledge of the subjects. Most students (118; 95.9%) preferred classes using this technology and 122 (99.2%) stated that using the app made them feel more engaged in classes. In addition, all students agreed that the app improved student-teacher interactions. Most students (119; 96.7%) considered the digital interactive method more attractive than the conventional teaching approach, and 99 (80.5%) did not have any negative comments regarding the app. In conclusion, the Poll Everywhere® app provides a more dynamic and attractive educational environment for Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology teaching.

Awareness of patients receiving bisphosphonates: a cross-sectional study

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the awareness of patients using bisphosphonates (BP) regarding their risks and benefits. Sixty-five patients using BP were included. Each participant completed a self-administered questionnaire consisting of 13 questions, including sociodemographic and general information on BP. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and a binomial test was used to assess patient knowledge about BP, considering a 5% significance level. Fifty-nine (90.2%) patients were unaware or had never heard of BP drugs and only 3 (4.6%) knew their indications. Only 6 patients (9.2%) said they knew about the oral complications caused by BP. Sixty-three patients (96.9%) said they were not referred to the dentist before starting BP treatment. Patients using BP do not have satisfactory knowledge regarding the risks and benefits of BP. Physicians and dentists must be prepared to inform and counsel BP users about their adverse effects and possible risk factors. Our results emphasize the importance of public policies, whether individual or collective, to be taken to increase knowledge about BP to avoid medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw.

Differential protein expression of osteoclastogenic factors in odontogenic cysts and tumors

Abstract: The osteolytic activity of odontogenic cysts and tumors is directly associated with their growth and aggressiveness. The influence of proteins expressed by epithelial and mesenchymal cells on this biological event differs between indolent cystic lesions, aggressive cystic lesions, and odontogenic tumors. The objective of this study was to compare the immunohistochemical expression of factors that stimulate (receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand - RANKL, cathepsin K - CatK and matrix metallopeptidase 8 - MMP-8) and inhibit (osteoprotegerin - OPG) osteoclastogenesis between dentigerous cyst (DC), glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC), odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), and ameloblastoma (AB). Paraffin-embedded sections of nine DCs, nine GOCs, 20 OKCs, 21 ABs, and four dental follicles (DFs) were subjected to immunohistochemistry. Immunoreactivity was analyzed semiquantitatively and quantitatively in epithelium and connective tissue, respectively. The proteins were immunoexpressed in epithelial and mesenchymal cells of all lesions studied. The expression of RANKL and CatK was higher in OKC, AB, and GOC (p<0.005). Higher expression of OPG was found in DF and DC compared to the other markers (p<0.005). MMP-8 expression was high in GOC and OKC. This study demonstrated the differential expression of factors that inhibit and stimulate bone resorption during the development of DC, GOC, OKC, and AB. Higher expression of RANKL and CatK was observed in more aggressive lesions. OPG appears to be one of the molecules responsible for the slower growth of DC.

Epidemiological evaluation of jaw cysts according to the new WHO classification: a 30-year retrospective analysis

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to analyze the epidemiology of maxillofacial odontogenic and non-odontogenic cysts diagnosed for 30 years in a Brazilian population. A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study was performed. Biopsy records were obtained from the archives of a Brazilian referral center between 1989 and 2019. Data regarding age, gender, anatomical location, and histopathological diagnosis were collected and categorized. Further, a literature search for similar studies was performed. A total of 6.994 biopsy records were evaluated, but only 367 (5.24%) cases were classified as odontogenic cysts (OC) or non-odontogenic cysts (NOC). Among all cystic lesions, 341 cases (92.9%) were OC and 26 cases (7.1%) were NOC. These lesions were more common in females (n = 208 / 56.67%) and located mostly in the mandible (n = 195 / 53.1%). In patients with OC, the radicular cyst was the most frequent (n = 134 / 36.5%), followed by the dentigerous cyst (n = 101 / 27.5%) and the odontogenic keratocyst (n = 52 / 14.2%). Patients with NOC had a higher frequency of epidermoid cyst (n = 12 / 3.3%), oral lymphoepithelial cyst (n = 7 / 1.9%), and nasopalatine duct cyst (n = 4 / 1.1%). The OCs were more prevalent than NOCs, and inflammatory cysts were the most common among all the OCs.

Neoplasias orofaciais em crianças e adolescentes / Orofacial neoplasms in children and adolescents

Objetivo:Este trabalho analisou os casos de neoplasias orofaciais em crianças e adolescentes, diagnosticadas pelo Laboratório de Patologia Oral da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco no período de março de 2000 a março de 2019. Métodos: Tratou-se de um estudo retrospectivo das neoplasias mais prevalentes diagnosticada no serviço. Os dados foram tabulados e analisados através do programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences(SPSS) na versão 24.0. Resultados:Dos 6.766 casos diagnosticados, 101 foram de neoplasias, destes 52,5% foram no sexo feminino. A média de idade entre os pacientes foi de 12,6 anos. Em relação ao tipo de biópsia, a excisional foi mais prevalente e em 71,3% dos casos os diagnósticos histopatológicos confirmaram as hipóteses diagnósticas clínicas. A neoplasia benigna não odontogênica mais comum foi o papiloma oral com 30 casos (29,7%). Entre os tumores benignos de origem odontogênica, os odontomas foram os mais prevalentes com 16 casos (15,8%). Foram diagnosticados apenas dois tipos de neoplasias malignas: o carcinoma adenoide cístico e o leiomiossarcoma. Conclusão:Levantamentos epidemiológicos de lesões orofaciais são importantes para determinar a sua prevalência, além de contribuir com a determinação das características na população estudada, fornecendo ao cirurgião-dentista uma base sólida para o diagnóstico e manejo clínico das neoplasias nesses indivíduos.

Aim:To analyze the cases of orofacial neoplasms in children and adolescents, diagnosed by the Oral Pathology Laboratory of the Federal University of Pernambuco from March 2000 to March 2019. Methods: Treatment of a retrospective study of the most prevalent neoplasms diagnosed at the laboratory. Data were tabulated and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 24.0. Results:Of the 6,766 cases diagnosed, 101 were neoplasms, 52.5% of these were not female. The average age among the patients was 12.6 years. Regarding the type of biopsy, tooth extractions were more prevalent, and in 71.3% of the cases, the histopathological diagnoses confirmed the clinical diagnostic hypotheses. The most common non-odontogenic benign neoplasm was the oral papilloma, found in 30 cases (29.7%). Among the benign tumors of odontogenic origin, the odontomas were the most prevalent in 16 cases (15.8%). Only two types of malignant neoplasms were diagnosed: adenoid cystic carcinoma and leiomyosarcoma. Conclusion:Epidemiological surveys of orofacial lesions are important to determine their prevalence and aid in defining the characteristics in the studied population, providing the dentist with a continuous basis for the diagnosis and clinical treatment of neoplasms in these individuals.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma: a clinicopathological study on 194 cases in northeastern Brazil. A cross-sectional retrospective study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Only a few studies have evaluated the clinicopathological features of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in Brazil, and most were conducted in the most industrialized region of the country, i.e. the southeastern region. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological features of this malignant neoplasm in northeastern Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective study performed in an oral pathology laboratory in Recife, Brazil. METHODS: All cases of oral SCC that occurred between 2000 and 2015 were studied. Clinical data were recorded and histological slides were reviewed. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test (P ≤ 0.05). RESULTS: A total of 194 cases were evaluated. The male-to-female ratio was 1.5:1. The mean age was 65.4 years, and only 6.6% of the cases occurred in patients younger than 41 years. Most tumors consisted of well-differentiated SCC (54.6%). CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study highlight the higher prevalence of oral SCC among women and the increasing number of cases among young patients. Thus there is no specific risk group for oral SCC, as in the past. This fact needs to be taken into consideration in clinical routine care, so that apparently innocuous malignant lesions do not go unnoticed in these individuals.

Effects of Zoledronic Acid in Experimental Periapical Lesions in Rats: An Imaging and Histological Analysis

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the imaging and histological features of experimental periapical lesions, including the adjacent alveolar bone, in rats under zoledronic acid treatment. The study used 40 male Wistar rats distributed into 8 groups of 5 animals each: G1: induction of periapical lesion (PL) and weekly intraperitoneal administration (WIPA) of saline solution (0.9% NaCl) for 4 weeks; G2: PL induction and WIPA of zoledronic acid (0.15 mg/kg/week) for 4 weeks; G3: PL induction and WIPA of saline solution for 8 weeks; G4: PL induction and WIPA of zoledronic acid for 8 weeks; G5:WIPA of saline solution for 4 weeks and subsequent PL induction; G6: WIPA of zoledronic acid for 4 weeks and subsequent PL induction; G7: WIPA of saline solution for 8 weeks and subsequent PL induction; G8: WIPA of zoledronic acid for 8 weeks and subsequent PL induction. The administration of zoledronic acid or saline solution continued after PL induction until the euthanasia. Thus, cone beam computed tomography and histological analysis were performed. Statistical analyzes were performed by ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test. Groups treated with zoledronic acid showed significantly smaller size of PL than the groups treated with 0.9% NaCl (p<0.05). PLs were formed by chronic inflammation ranging from mild to moderate, with no difference between groups. In all specimens, no mandibular necrosis was observed. In conclusion, the presence of PLs apparently does not represent an important risk factor for the development of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as características histológicas e de imagem de lesões periapicais experimentais, incluindo o osso alveolar adjacente, em ratos sob tratamento com ácido zoledrônico. O estudo utilizou 40 ratos Wistar, machos, distribuídos em 8 grupos de animais cada: G1: indução de lesão periapical (LP) e administração intraperitoneal semanal (AIS) de solução salina (NaCl 0.9%) por 4 semanas; G2: indução de LP e AIS de ácido zoledrônico (0,15 mg/kg/week) por 4 semanas; G3: indução de LP e AIS de solução salina por 8 semanas; G4: indução de LP e AIS de ácido zoledrônico por 8 semanas; G5- AIS de solução salina por 4 semanas e subsequente indução de LP; G6- AIS de ácido zoledrônico por 4 semanas e subsequente indução de LP; G7: AIS de solução salina por 8 semanas e subsequente indução de LP; G8: AIS de ácido zoledrônico por 8 semanas e subsequente indução de LP. A administração de ácido zoledrônico ou solução salina continuou após indução de LP até a eutanásia. Após isso, tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico e análise histológica foram realizadas. Análises estatísticas foram realizadas por ANOVA e teste de Kruskal-Wallis. Os grupos tratados com ácido zoledrônico mostraram LPs significativamente menores que os grupos tratados com NaCl 0.9% (p <0.05). LPs eram formadas por inflamação crônica variando de leve a moderada, sem diferença entre os grupos. Em todos os espécimes, necrose mandibular não foi observada. Em conclusão, a presença de LPs aparentemente não representa um fator de risco importante para o desenvolvimento de osteonecrose relacionada ao uso de bisfosfonatos.

ESTUDO RETROSPECTIVO DE TUMORES DE GLÂNDULAS SALIVARES / RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF SALIVARY GLAND TUMORS

Objetivo: Realizar um levantamento epidemiológico de todos os casos de tumores de glândulas salivares diagnosticados em um Laboratório de Histopatologia Oral. Métodos: Descrição da amostra e avaliação de fichas clínicas de todos os pacientes que deram entrada com pedido de solicitação de exame histopatológico no referido laboratório, no período compreendido entre janeiro de 2001 e janeiro de 2015. Resultados: Cinquenta casos foram encontrados, dos quais 68,7% eram benignos. Houve predominância no sexo feminino (68%). A faixa etária mais frequente foi de 41 a 60 anos (40%). A maioria dos casos ocorreu nas glândulas salivares menores (70,0%), sendo o palato duro o local mais frequente (38%). Para a coleta do espécime e envio ao laboratório, a biópsia excisional foi o método de eleição (46%), sendo o adenoma pleomórfico a neoplasia mais comum (62,0%). Conclusões: Os tumores de glândulas salivares afetam mais mulheres na faixa etária entre 41 e 60 anos. Atenção especial deve ser dada aos nódulos submucosos palatinos, devido à alta prevalência de tumores malignos nas glândulas salivares menores.

Objective: To perform an epidemiological study of all cases of salivary gland tumors diagnosed in an Oral Pathology Laboratory. Methods: Sample description and evaluation of medical records of all patients who were admitted for histopathological examination request in the above-mentioned Laboratory, from January 2001 and January 2015. Results: Fifty cases were found, 68.7 % were benign. Most patients were from female gender (68,0 %). The most common age group was 41-60 years (40,0%). Most cases affected minor salivary glands (70.0 % ), mainly the hard palate (38,0 %). To obtain the specimen and sent for histopathological analysis, the excisional biopsy was the method of choice (46,0 %), and the pleomorphic adenoma was the most common diagnosis (62,0 %). Conclusions: Salivary gland tumors affect more commonly women aged between 41-60 years. The practitioners should pay special attention to palatine submucous nodules, owing the high prevalence of malignant tumors in minor salivary glands.

PADRÃO DAS BIÓPSIAS E FICHAS DE SOLICITAÇÃO DE EXAME HISTOPATOLÓGICO ENCAMINHADOS PARA O LABORATÓRIO DE PATOLOGIA ORAL DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE PERNAMBUCO / STANDARDS OF BIOPSIES AND RECORDS OF HISTOPATHOLOGIC TEST REQUESTS SENT TO THE UFPE ORAL PATHOLOGY LABORATORY

O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi realizar um levantamento quali-quantitativo das fichas de solicitações de exame histopatológico enviadas ao laboratório de histopatologia oral da UFPE, no período de outubro de 2011 até agosto de 2013, com a finalidade de conhecer a origem das demandas e situar o papel deste serviço dentro do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). A maioria das fichas clínicas enviadas ao serviço estavam dentro do padrão estabelecido pelas normas postas na literatura. Porém, foi observado pouca demanda dos Centros de Especialidades Odontológica (CEO) e das Unidades de Saúde da Família (USF) para o laboratório, indicando que políticas de inclusão e de credenciamento de serviços de diagnóstico disponíveis para a rede sus é de fundamental importância para garantir a integralidade do cuidado.

The aim of this study was to perform qualitative and quantitative survey of the records of requests sent to the histopathology laboratory of oral histopathology UFPE, from October 2011 until August 2013, with the purpose of knowing the origin of the demands and situate the role of the service within the unified health system (SUS). Most clinical records were sent to the service within the standard set by the rules put in literature. However, little demand centers of dental specialties (CEO) and units of family (USF) health to the laboratory was observed, indicating that inclusion policies diagnostic services available for sus network is of critical importance to ensure comprehensive care.

Effect of laser therapy on laryngeal carcinoma cell proliferation(H Ep-2)

Objective: to evaluate the effect of 660nm and 780 nm laser therapy, with dose of 6.3 J/cm² and 25 mW power, either associated with nutritional stress or not, on laryngeal epidermoid carcinoma cell proliferation (H.Ep. 2). Material and Methods: the H.Ep.2 cells were placed in a culture flask and frozen in fetal bovine serum (FBS) at -80°C, with different concentrations of the medium: 5% and 10%. Laser therapy was started 24 h after cell subculturing and performed at time intervals of 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after the first irradiation, in a period of five days. After this, cell viability was verified using the MTT method. Means and standard deviation were obtained, and the Student's-t and F (ANOVA) statistical tests were used, with Tukey or Tamanhe comparisons. Results: The group subjected to 780 nm laser showed significant differences (p 0.05). The time influenced the growth of all cultures. Conclusion: low level laser interfered in cell proliferation and this effect could be determined by the wavelength used and the nutritional status of the cells.

Análise Morfológica da Mucosa Oral de Ratos Submetida à Carcinogênese Experimental pelo Óxido de Nitroquinolina (4NQO) / Morphological Analysis of the Oral Mucosa of Rats Subjected to Experimental Carcinogenesis by Administration of Nitroquinoline Oxide (4NQO)

Objetivo: Induzir a carcinogênese na mucosa lingual de ratos Wistar através do óxido de nitroquinolina (4NQO), relacionando as alterações clínicas e microscópicas desenvolvidas com o tempo de exposição ao carcinógeno. Método: Foram utilizados 20 ratos que foram distribuídos entre o grupo experimental (15 animais) e controle (5 animais). No grupo experimental os animais foram alocados em 3 subgrupos, nos quais 5 animais receberam o 4NQO por 2 meses (A1), 5 por 3 meses (A2) e o restante por 4 meses (A3), o que tornou possível a detecção das diferentes fases da carcinogênese. Os dados foram apresentados por meio da estatística descritiva e foram utilizados os testes de Kruskal-Wallis e de Mann-Whitney. O programa estatístico utilizado foi o SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) na versão 13 e a margem de erro utilizada foi de 5,0%. Resultados: Tanto o modelo animal escolhido, como o carcinógeno químico utilizado foram satisfatórios para produção da carcinogênese oral similar a que ocorre em humanos. As alterações clínicas foram mais acentuadas nos animais que receberam as aplicações tópicas do 4NQO durante 4 meses, sendo possível visualizar desde uma leucoplasia a regiões eritroleucoplásicas. As alterações histopatológicas observadas no epitélio oral foram compatíveis com o diagnóstico de displasia epitelial leve, moderada, severa, carcinoma in situ ou carcinoma invasivo. Conclusão: A severidade das lesões teve relação direta com o tempo de exposição ao 4NQO.

Objective: To induce carcinogenesis on the lingual mucosa of Wistar rats by the administration of nitroquinoline oxide (4NQO), relating the clinical and microscopic alterations developed during the time of exposure to the carcinogenic agent. Methods: Twenty rats were allocated to either an experimental (15 animals) or a control (5 animals) group. In the experimental group, the animals were divided into 3 subgroups in which 5 animals received 4NQO during 2 months (A1), 5 during 3 months (A2), and 5 during 4 months (A3), making it possible to detect the different phases of carcinogenesis. Data were presented as descriptive statistics using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests in the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software, version 13.0. The significance level was set at 5.0%. Results: Both the animal model and the carcinogenic agent used in the study were satisfactory for inducing similar oral carcinogenesis to the one occurring in humans. The clinical alterations were more accentuated in the animals that received the topical applications of 4NQO during 4 months, ranging from leukoplakia to erythroleukoplakias regions. The histopathological alterations observed in the oral epithelium were compatible with the diagnosis of mild, moderate and severe epithelial dysplasia, in situ carcinoma or invasive carcinoma. Conclusion: The severity of the lesions had a direct relationship with the exposure time to 4NQO.

Análise morfológica da mucosa oral de ratos submetida a carcinogênese experimental pelo àxido de nitroquinolina (4NQO) / Morphological analysis of the oral mucosa of rats subjected to experimental carcinogenesis by administration of nitroquinoline oxide (4NQO)

Objetivo: Induzir a carcinogênese na mucosa lingual de ratos Wistar através do óxido de nitroquinolina (4NQO), relacionando as alterações clínicas e microscópicas desenvolvidas com o tempo de exposição ao carcinógeno. Método: Foram utilizados 20 ratos que foram distribuídos entre o grupo experimental (15 animais) e controle (5 animais). No grupo experimental os animais foram alocados em 3 subgrupos, nos quais 5 animais receberam o 4NQO por 2 meses (A1), 5 por 3 meses (A2) e o restante por 4 meses (A3), o que tornou possível a detecção das diferentes fases da carcinogênese. Os dados foram apresentados por meio da estatística descritiva e foram utilizados os testes de Kruskal-Wallis e de Mann-Whitney. O programa estatístico utilizado foi o SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) na versão 13 e a margem de erro utilizada foi de 5,0%. Resultados: Tanto o modelo animal escolhido, como o carcinógeno químico utilizado foram satisfatórios para produção da carcinogênese oral similar a que ocorre em humanos. As alterações clínicas foram mais acentuadas nos animais que receberam as aplicações tópicas do 4NQO durante 4 meses, sendo possível visualizar desde uma leucoplasia a regiões eritroleucoplásicas. As alterações histopatológicas observadas no epitélio oral foram compatíveis com o diagnóstico de displasia epitelial leve, moderada, severa, carcinoma in situ ou carcinoma invasivo. Conclusão: A severidade das lesões teve relação direta com o tempo de exposição ao 4NQO.

Objective: To induce carcinogenesis on the lingual mucosa of Wistar rats by the administration of nitroquinoline oxide (4NQO), relating the clinical and microscopic alterations developed during the time of exposure to the carcinogenic agent. Methods: Twenty rats were allocated to either an experimental (15 animals) or a control (5 animals) group. In the experimental group, the animals were divided into 3 subgroups in which 5 animals received 4NQO during 2 months (A1), 5 during 3 months (A2), and 5 during 4 months (A3), making it possible to detect the different phases of carcinogenesis. Data were presented as descriptive statistics using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests in the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software, version 13.0. The significance level was set at 5.0%. Results: Both the animal model and the carcinogenic agent used in the study were satisfactory for inducing similar oral carcinogenesis to the one occurring in humans. The clinical alterations were more accentuated in the animals that received the topical applications of 4NQO during 4 months, ranging from leukoplakia to erythroleukoplakias regions. The histopathological alterations observed in the oral epithelium were compatible with the diagnosis of mild, moderate and severe epithelial dysplasia, in situ carcinoma or invasive carcinoma. Conclusion: The severity of the lesions had a direct relationship with the exposure time to 4NQO.

Ação da laserterapia no processo de proliferação e diferenciação celular: revisão da literatura / Low intensity laser therapy effects on cell proliferation and differentiation: review of the literature

O uso da luz laser de baixa intensidade vem sendo utilizado como terapia coadjuvante ou de forma terapêutica isolada em várias especialidades odontológicas. Suas principais indicações incluem ação anti-inflamatória, analgésica e indutora da reparação tecidual. O poder cicatrizante do laser de baixa potência é discutido neste trabalho assim como os mecanismos de biomodulação e estimulação da mitose. Estas propriedades, já estudadas em células benignas, quando aplicadas em células neoplásicas malignas, abrem espaço para discussões. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre os aspectos indutivos do laser no processo de proliferação celular principalmente no que se refere a estes mecanismos em células neoplásicas malignas.

Low energy laser has been used as an adjuvant therapy or as a therapeutic tool in many different areas of Dentistry. It is recognized by its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, and also as a tissue repair inductor. Low intensity laser property in stimulate cell proliferation during wound healing and its biomodulation mechanisms are discussed in this paper. These properties have already been established for cultured benign cells, but there is a controversy when extended to the spectrum of the malignant neoplastic process, normally generating great discussions. The objective of this work was to perform a literature review about the low intensity laser capacity in induce cell proliferation. The discussion is specially concerned about its effects on malignant cells.

Adenosquamous carcinoma of the floor of the mouth mimicking an oral erythroleukoplakia: case report and review of literature

Adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) is an uncommon and controversial epithelial neoplasm characterized by simultaneous and distinct areas of squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Only few cases of oral adenosquamous carcinoma have been previously reported in the literature. It has been described as a squamous cell carcinoma subtype with a high infiltrative capacity. The majority of the patients suffer with early recurrence, local and distant metastases, and low survival rate. In this article, a case of ASC which was clinically similar to an oral leukoplakia is reported and the literature is reviewed. We underline the main histological features and the importance of the oral pathologist in the recognition of the squamous cell carcinoma subtypes.

Considerações sobre a classificação e o comportamento biológico dos tumores odontogênicos epiteliais: revisão da literatura / Considerations regarding the epithelial odontogenic tumor classification and biological behavior: a literature review

Os tumores odontogênicos compreendem um grupo complexo de lesões com comportamento clínico e tipos histológicos diversos. Alguns desses tumores são neoplasias verdadeiras e raramente apresentam um comportamento maligno. Recentemente, a classificação e a nomenclatura dos tumores odontogênicos foi revisada e atualizada pela Organização Mundial da Saúde, e novas terminologias e entidades foram acrescentadas ao grupo. Nesta revisão da literatura, os autores enfatizaram as mudanças substanciais ocorridas na classificação dessas patologias, além de relatar experimentos que tiveram como finalidade identificar alterações moleculares nos tumores odontogênicos de origem epitelial.

A laserterapia na odontologia: propriedades, indicações e aspectos atuais / The lasertherapy in Dentistry: properties, indications and current aspects

Propõe-se com essa revisão da literatura mostrar a relevância da aplicabilidade do laser de baixa intensidade na clínica odontológica, bem como suas principais indicações e aspectos atuais. Atualmente a laserterapia representa uma opção extraordinária disponível na clínica odontológica diária nas mais diversas especialidades. Os efeitos e mecanismos de ação da luz laser são complexos e alvos de inúmeras pesquisas com vistas a um melhor delineamento de suas formas de aplicação e indicações. Dessa forma, apesar da segurança na sua utilização e de seus efeitos bioestimulantes bem conhecidos, a literatura consultada mostrou a existência de algumas questões ainda duvidosas com relação aos resultados obtidos no tecido vivo quando submetidos à irradiação.

The proposition this study is show the relevance of low intensity laser use in dentistry and comment its main indicatons and current aspects. Currently the lasertherapy represent a excellent available option to be used in the dentistry clinics. The effects and action mechanism of laser light are complex and have been a frequent target on various research in order to reach the perfection on its uses and applications. Thus, although its known safety usage and biostimulation effects, the studies show the existence of unanswered doubts related to the effects about living tissues submitted to irradiation.

Laser de baixa intensidade no tratamento da mucosite oral induzida pela radioterapia: relato de casos clínicos / Low-energy laser in the management of radiation-induced oral mucositis: report of two cases

A mucosite oral é uma complicação comum e dose-limitante do tratamento oncológico. A mucosite grave pode tornar necessária a alteração ou até mesmo a interrupção do tratamento com sérias conseqüências na resposta tumoral e sobrevida do paciente, aumentando o risco de infecções local e sistêmica. As lesões aparecem mais comumente na mucosa não-queratinizada. Os sinais e os sintomas variam desde um leve desconforto até lesões ulcerativas graves, comprometendo a nutrição e a ingestão hídrica do paciente. O laser de baixa intensidade tem sido proposto para o tratamento da mucosite oral, com resultados satisfatórios dos pontos de vista clínico e funcional, acelerando o processo de cicatrização das feridas e diminuindo o quadro doloroso. Este artigo, ilustrado por dois casos clínicos realizados no Hospital do Câncer de Pernambuco, tem como objetivo relatar a eficiência do laser de baixa potência no tratamento da mucosite oral induzida pela radioterapia.

Angioleiomyoma in the retromolar trigone region

Leiomyoma is a benign soft tumor of smooth muscle origin which is rarely found in the oral cavity. The diagnosis of leiomyoma isfundamentally based on its histopathologic characteristics requiring specific staining methods and careful microscopic analysisdue to the high possibility of misdiagnosis. The present paper describes a case report of recurrent oral vascular leiomyomain the retromolar trigone region and performs a brief literature review. Specific staining methods were performed such asMasson’s trichrome and immunohistochemistry for smooth muscle actin. Prognosis of oral leiomyoma is excellent.

Low energy laser for prevention of oral mucositis in patients receiving radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy in Pernambuco Cancer Hospital

Oral mucositis induced by antineoplastic therapy causes wide-range pain and discomfort resulting in decreased quality of life. The present study evaluated the benefits of low intensity laser and 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate in the prevention of oral mucositis induced by radiation, associated or not with chemotherapy, and considered degrees/severity, time of appearanceof the lesions and functional loss. Eighty-four outpatients were considered and 49 were included in this study and dividedinto two groups: Group 1 received laser treatments in three stages, starting three days before treatment until the end of therapy. Group 2 was instructed to do daily mouth rinses with chlorhexidine gluconate. The prevalence of clinical mucositis was 49%, and of functional mucositis, 28.6%, when the two groups were considered together. This percentage was smaller in the laser group, 44% for the clinical mucositis group and 24% for the functional. The two protocols were well tolerated andshowed benefits, mainly from the point of view of functionality, and delayed the onset and development of mucositis.

Oncocytoma of an Intraoral Minor Salivary Gland: Case Report and Review of Literature

Oncocytoma is a rare benign tumor of the salivary glandrepresenting not more than 1% of salivary tumors. It iscomposed of large epithelial cells, the oncocytes, whichare predominantly found, in senior adults, being moreprevalent in the eighth decade of life. It is located mainlyin larger salivary glands especially in parotid glands.The tumor usually presents as a solid mass, painless, ofslow growth, and rarely it is larger than 4 cm ofdiameter. There are few reports in literature on minorsalivary glands neoplasias. This work aims to presentand discuss a clinical case of a 71-year-old male patientwith a 20 X 10 mm asymptomatic nodular lesion, ofapproximately 14 years duration, located in the oralmucosa on the left side of the mouth, with clinical andsurgical diagnosis of fibroma. An excisional biopsy ofthe lesion was made and the specimen was embedded in10% formaldehyde solution and delivered to the OralPathology Laboratory of the Federal University ofPernambuco for analysis. The histopathologicalexamination was carried out by hematoxylin/eosin andPAS staining with and without diastase. The specimenwas diagnosed as a minor salivary gland oncocytoma.